American mineralogist, volume 76, pages 189199, 1991 analcime phenocrysts in igneous rocks. Based on the mineral content and texture of the following rocks, place them in the appropriate blank spaces under corresponding rocks in figure 3. This article describes the geological and economic aspects of this unusually interesting formation. Apr 29, 2016 on the waterberg project located in the bushveld igneous complex, south africa. The chromium deposits of the bushveld complex, the potential resources of which are estimated at 2 billion tons, are found in pseudostrata, persistent for considerable distances, of ingrained and massif ores, 2 cm to 2 m thick in the pyroxenites and anorthosites. It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin. It is located at the base of the northern limb of the 2. Bushveld complex bc sedibelo platinum mines limited. The resources of the wbjv project 3 are located approximately 11km along strike from the active merensky reef mining face at the operating bafokeng rasimone platinum mine brpm. Banket mining term, bushveld igneous complex, karoo supergroup, beaufort. Space images bushveld igneous complex, south africa.
Characteristics of crspinel and whole rock geochemistry of the nuasahi igneous complex, orissa, india sisir k. The bushveld igneous complex bic is a large layered igneous intrusion within the earths crust, exposed at the edge of the transvaal basin in south africa. South africa is the worlds top producer of platinum, used in everything from jewelry to catalytic converters. High underground temperatures reduce labour productivity, the highest cost element of mining. The 2060 ma old bushveld complex of about 66000 km2 extent is a saucershaped layered igneous intrusion and one of the great geological wonders of the world. Just click the edit page button at the bottom of the page or learn more in the plot summary submission guide. This belt consist of about 20 individual intrusive igneous complexes. Johannesburg, south africa abstract the bushveld complex of south africa is a regionally extensive layered igneous body. Drenthe, and nonnenwerth, and presents new data from the farm rooipoort. Most of it comes from a geological formation the size of west virginia, called the bushveld igneous complex, created two billion years ago as molten lava from earths mantle bubbled to the surface and cooled. The bushveld igneous complex johnson matthey technology. Abstract the niyasar plutonic complex, one of the cenozoic magmatic assemblages in the urumieh.
A geological map of the area, which provides the largest known example of this interesting type of formation, is shown on the facing page. Petrogenesis of contactstyle pge mineralization in the. Most of it comes from a geological formation the size of west virginia, called the bushveld igneous complex, created two billion years ago as molten. The mafic igneous rocks are of deepseated origin, and they occur in thick stratiform sheets, such as the bushveld complex in south africa willemse, 1969. The lg1 to lg4 chromitites are often associated with olivine, a feature that distinguishes them from overlying chromitites, which are invariably olivinefree. Research article atmospheric trace metals in the western bushveld igneous complex page 1 of 11 assessment of atmospheric trace metals in the western bushveld igneous complex, south africa trace metal species emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources can cause various healthrelated and environmental problems. Bushveld igneous complex archives state of the planet. In fact, bushveld by itself is a large igneous province lip according to crite ria of bryan and ernst 2008. An intrusive origin of some ug1 chromitite layers in the. It lies almost entirely within the bounds of the transvaal. On imdb tv, you can catch hollywood hits and popular tv series at no cost.
Knowledgedriven prospectivity mapping for graniterelated. Bushveld complex article about bushveld complex by the. The bushveld complex is located in south africa, between the limpopo and north west provinces and covers an area of approximately 66000 km2 it consists of four groups of rocks. The use of density as a stratigraphic and correlative tool for the bushveld complex, south africa davis, m. Ripley1 1department of geological sciences, indiana university, bloomington, indiana 47405 2research reactor center, university of missouri, columbia, missouri 65211 email.
In south africa, an enormous layered intrusion, containing over half the worlds platinum, chromium, vanadium, and refractory minerals. Mineral chemistry of igneous rocks in the lar cumo. Journal of african earth sciences and the middle east. The geology is described briefly assuming familiarity on the part of the reader. Find out information about bushveld igneous complex. Kinloch amplats research centre, po box 6540, homestead, 1412, south africa and c. Trees and shrubs of mpumalanga and kruger national park top results of your surfing trees and shrubs of mpumalanga and kruger national park start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. It looks like we dont have any plot summaries for this title yet.
Platinumgroup elements in the upper zone of the rustenburg layered suite of the bushveld complex. The complex is made up of ultramafic to felsic igneous rocks and formed by repeated injection of magma into an enormous chamber. Zamani addmore dube 0303958g thesis submitted to the faculty of science, university of the witwatersrand johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science. Mineral chemistry of a cenozoic igneous complex, the urumieh. Bushveld igneous complex, south africa aster image gallery. Ripley1 1department of geological sciences, indiana university, bloomington, indiana 47405. Is there some commonality between the geological structures. The platreef is one of the largest and most valuable nicupge orebodies on earth. Trees and shrubs of mpumalanga and kruger national park. Banket mining term, bushveld igneous complex, karoo supergroup, beaufort group, witwatersrand basin, cape fold b by hephaestus books author 2011 paperback hephaestus books on. Textural and compositional features of chromite in the lower and critical zones of the bushveld complex south of potgietersrus l. Which forms at the highest temperature, granite or gabbro. Sabinet the structure of the mafic portion of the bushveld.
Zamani addmore dube 0303958g thesis submitted to the faculty of science, university of the witwatersrand johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. Complex and for 771 samples from borehole zg74 in the. Numerous mines, tailings piles, and leach ponds are shown in blue. Although the lic has been subject of several petrological and. Higher underground thermal gradient than the goldbearing witwatersrand basin, requiring refrigeration for underground mines deeper than 700 metres. If you choose to download the pdf format lecture notes you will still need the free adobe acrobat reader to view and print the files. The ug1 chromitite in the bushveld complex is a 1 m thick massive layer overlain by orthopyroxenite 49 m thick and underlain by anorthosite 1. The bushveld igneous complex bic is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the earths. This is the preface to a special issue on various aspects of the bushveld complex, transvaal basin, south africa.
Bushveld definition of bushveld by the free dictionary. The complex contains the worlds largest reserves of the platinum group metals, platinum, palladium, osmium, indium, rhodium and rhenium, along with vast quantities of iron, tin, chromium, titanium and vanadium wikipedia. These deposits are mostly associated with mafic igneous rocks that occur in thick stratiform sheets or complex intrusive bodies of deepseated origin. Knnr,sson department of the geophysical sciences, the university of chicago, illinois 60637, u. Vanadium resources in titaniferous magnetite deposits. Allard, 1970, or in complex intrusive bodies, such as taberg, sweden hjelmqvist, 1950. Clarkmostert twp projects the presence of geological structures in igneous complexes such as the bushveld complex in south africa and the great dyke in zimbabwe is to be expected. The precambrian 2 billion years ago the bushveld complexwhich is one of the largest differentiated igneous bodies on earth, containing major deposits of platinum, chromium, and vanadiumwas emplaced in the northern kaapvaal craton. Is there some commonality between the geological structures in the bushveld complex and the great dyke. The bushveld episode was evidently initiated by the outpouring of andesitic lava on three occasions, and of agglomerate and tuff on one occasion, during the deposition of the transvaal system. Bushveld complex bc 300km east west synclinal basin containing vast quantities of pgms and chromite.
Select any poster below to play the movie, totally free. The outline of the whole mass is accordingly lobulate. The bushveld complex in the context of thethe bushveld. Download fulltext pdf the stratigraphy of the bushveld complex. Three distinct groups of rocks make up the complex but this excursion is directed primarily at the layered ultramaficmafic rocks.
Textural and compositional features of chromite in the. Bushveld igneous complex geologic map and mine locations. The complex consists essentially of five adjoining, basinshaped masses of igneous rocks. The middle part of the early proterozoic was dominated by powerful orogenic mountainbuilding processes that gave rise to fold.
Textural and compositional features of chromite in the lower and critical zones of the bushveld complex south of potgietersrus. Bushveld minerals is a lowcost, vertically integrated primary vanadium producer with a diversi. Platinumgroup elements in the upper zone of the rustenburg. Geology 314 accretion of the bushveld complex foreword. The geology of the bushveld igneous complex, the largest. Characteristics of crspinel and whole rock geochemistry of. Variations in pt and pd content through the bushveld complex. It contains many magmatic ores, pegmatitic and hydrothermal ore deposits and has metamorphosed the floor rocks of the intrusive. Lee amplats geological services, po box 62179, marshalltown, johannesburg, 2107, south africa. It is approximately 2 billion years old and is divided into four different limbs. Assessment of atmospheric trace metals in the authors. Bushveld complex article about bushveld complex by the free. They are characterized by a raised ferriferousness of the chrome spinels.
The wbjv property is located on the south western limb of the bushveld igneous complex bic, 110km westnorthwest of pretoria and 120km from johannesburg. The report communicates the updated mineral resource estimate for the waterberg project. Bushveld igneous complex drilling project gfzpublic. Bushveld complex geological formation, south africa. Bushveld minerals portfolio of companies includes bushveld.
The archean windimurra igneous complex consists of distinct components, including a thick layered series, with a cumulate mineral stratigraphy similar to the zones identified in the wellstudied. The bushveld igneous complex bic is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the earths crust. Bushveld complex deposits of platinum and chromites, situated in transvaal province of the republic of south africa, on the territory of the districts of. Bushveld igneous complex article about bushveld igneous. The bushveld complex is a 65,000 km2 layered intrusive. The general aquifer model for the bushveld complex comprises a perched, shallow aquifer in the weathered zone. The lebowa granite suite, commonly known as the bushveld granites, is host to a continuum of polymetallic mineralization with a wide range of metal assemblages snmo. Geology of the northern bushveld complex and the setting. A new geological map of the rustenburg layered suite south of the ysterbergplanknek fault of the northernpotgietersrus limb of the bushveld complex is presented, displaying features that were not available for publication in the past and are considered contributing to the complexity of this region. Introduction to the bushveld complex, south africa the bushveld complex, of palaeoproterozoic age, is located in the central northeast portion of the kaapvaal craton in southern africa, and has an estimated total area of 65 000 km2 hunter, 1976. The middle part of the early proterozoic was dominated by powerful orogenic.
Subscriptions are available via the creamer media store. The uitkomst complex has been suggested to be genetically related to the 2060 ma, bushveld igneous complex bic. The location of the bushveld igneous complex, south africa. The use of density as a stratigraphic and correlative tool. The latter are olivine and chromite free pyroxenites underlying the 150 m column ofnorite and anorthosite constituting the upper half of the ug 1 footwall unit. The evolution of granitic and rhyolitic melts documented. Important notice this report includes results for mineral resources. The ore minerals crystallized with the rock forming minerals from the magma, and they commonly occur disseminated in large masses of rock or segregated in extensive. The northern limb is known for the platreef, atypical mafic lithologies in sections of the. Nov 17, 2007 a new geological map of the rustenburg layered suite south of the ysterbergplanknek fault of the northernpotgietersrus limb of the bushveld complex is presented, displaying features that were not available for publication in the past and are considered contributing to the complexity of this region. This paper presents mineral prospectivity mapping to identify potential new exploration ground for polymetallic snfree mineralization associated with the bushveld granites of the bushveld igneous complex, south africa.
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